【2024年04月06日訊】4月5日,武漢大學社會學系教授賀雪峰發布調查報告,列舉當前農村存在的若干問題,該報告指出當前中國農村存在的主要問題涉及消費、道德、終極價值等方面。
在消費層面,該調查報告指出當前農村存在的一個很大的問題是消費不合理。
報告提到,據調查,在一些貧困山區,比如湖北秭歸,農民收入的大約1/4要用於人情開支,一個普通農戶家庭一年的人情開支就要上萬元,人均達到3000元左右,人情儀式支出的同時,事主方也要辦酒席,酒席的鋪張浪費情況也很驚人。此外,農村賭博情況也十分普遍,六合彩在農村更是長期流行。
在道德方面,調查報告認為在農村人財物外流的情況下,村莊傳統結構性力量解體,基層組織體系功能弱化,農村社會產生了各種問題。
其中,農村老年人作為弱勢群體成了各種社會問題的最後承受者,並由此產生了嚴重的道德問題,其中最典型的是老年人自殺的問題。
在某些地區的農村(尤其集中於長江流域中部地區),農村老年人非正常死亡的情況十分普遍。調研發現,老年人非正常死亡也不全都是因為子女虐待,其中相當一部分是老年父母身體不好的時候擔心拖累子女,選擇自殺。
在終極價值方面,調查報告提到,傳統中國農村,農民的宗旨是傳宗接代、光宗耀祖。當前農村快速的變動不僅徹底打破了農民對傳宗接代終極價值的信仰,而且讓農民失去了進行村莊社會性競爭的穩定條件,從而在農村中普遍出現了急功近利的短期行為。農民不知道自己為什麼活著,活著的意義是什麼,什麼活法才是對的。
該報告認為,當前農村中普遍存在的是文化失調的問題,當前農民之苦不是苦於物質匱乏,而更是苦於他們在生活中喪失了價值感。
責任編輯:李淨#
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ANSHUN, CHINA - DECEMBER 16: (CHINA OUT) 'Left behind' child Luo Gan,10, watches as his grandfather Luo Yingtao,64, carries hay as they do chores on December 16, 2016 in Anshun, China. Like millions of Chinese children, the four Luo siblings are being raised by their grandparents in rural China as their parents left to find work in urban areas. While there are no official figures, a recent government report puts the number of 'left behind' children at nearly 10 million, though child welfare experts estimate the number to be closer to 60 million. In the case of the Luo grandparents, who are elderly and poor, they do what they can to meet the basic needs of four children between the ages of 5 and 11. Local schools, educators and community charities often try to the fill the gaps. Still, many children feel the absence of interaction with their mother and/or father, creating a generation of lonely kids who experts worry may be prone to anxiety, poor school performance, and depression. Joining parents in the city is not usually an option, as China's hukou documentation system dictates that education and health care are accessible only in the district where a child is born and registered. China's government says it is making child welfare a national priority, and will work to improve support to 'left behind' children after launching its first-ever national census to assess the problem. (Photo by Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)
大陸民眾表示,農村很苦,別信共產黨的「脫貧」謊言。示意圖。(Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)
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